Intro to Marine Biology
1. What 4 elements make up 99% of all species?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen.
2. What is photosynthesis?
The complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria.
3. Describes the flow of energy through systems. What is the main storage molecule of energy in animals?
Carbohydrates
4. What is chemosynthesis? What source of energy is used instead of sunlight?
Hydrogen Sulfide
5. What is primary productivity a measure of?
Plant production
6. Why is productivity higher near the coasts of continents than in the open ocean?
Why is productivity higher near the poles?
Define the following:
Autotrophs: organisms that produce their own food
Heterotrophs: organisms that consume other organisms for energy
Tropic pyramid: a model that describes who eats worms
Primary consumers: organisms that eat consumers
Secondary consumers: organisms that eat primary consumers
Top consumers: the top of the trophic pyramid
7. In a food web, what do the arrows represent?
8. What are some atoms and molecules that cycle in biogeochemical cycles?
Diagram the carbon cycle in the ocean
Diagram the nitrogen cycle in the ocean
Diagram the phosphorus cycle
12. What is a limiting factor in ecosystems?
A limiting factor limits the growth or development of an organism, population, or process.
13. What are the most important physical factors for marine organisms?
Light, gases, temperature, acid based balance, salinity, & nutrients.
14. What are some biologic factors that affect ocean organisms?
Feeding relationships, crowding, metabolic wastes & defense of territory
Define the following zones:
Euphoric: are near the surface where photosynthesis occurs
Disphotic: below the euphoric zone
Aphotic: where sunlight never reaches
16. Define:
Diffusion:
one of several transport phenomena that occur in nature.
Osmosis:
the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration.
Active transport:
the movement of all types of molecules across a cell membrane.
18. What are the major zones of the ocean?
Epipelagic Zone,Mesopelagic Zone, Bathypelagic Zone, Abyssopelagic Zone, Hadalpelagic Zone.
19. What is natural selection?
Well adapted living organisms contribute to reproductive success.
20. Who was Carolus Linnaeus?
He was the first to study classification.
21. What is taxonomy?
The study of biological classification?
22. What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
Phungi, animalia, archaea, eubacteria, protista, plantae.
1. What 4 elements make up 99% of all species?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen.
2. What is photosynthesis?
The complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria.
3. Describes the flow of energy through systems. What is the main storage molecule of energy in animals?
Carbohydrates
4. What is chemosynthesis? What source of energy is used instead of sunlight?
Hydrogen Sulfide
5. What is primary productivity a measure of?
Plant production
6. Why is productivity higher near the coasts of continents than in the open ocean?
Why is productivity higher near the poles?
Define the following:
Autotrophs: organisms that produce their own food
Heterotrophs: organisms that consume other organisms for energy
Tropic pyramid: a model that describes who eats worms
Primary consumers: organisms that eat consumers
Secondary consumers: organisms that eat primary consumers
Top consumers: the top of the trophic pyramid
7. In a food web, what do the arrows represent?
8. What are some atoms and molecules that cycle in biogeochemical cycles?
Diagram the carbon cycle in the ocean
Diagram the nitrogen cycle in the ocean
Diagram the phosphorus cycle
12. What is a limiting factor in ecosystems?
A limiting factor limits the growth or development of an organism, population, or process.
13. What are the most important physical factors for marine organisms?
Light, gases, temperature, acid based balance, salinity, & nutrients.
14. What are some biologic factors that affect ocean organisms?
Feeding relationships, crowding, metabolic wastes & defense of territory
Define the following zones:
Euphoric: are near the surface where photosynthesis occurs
Disphotic: below the euphoric zone
Aphotic: where sunlight never reaches
16. Define:
Diffusion:
one of several transport phenomena that occur in nature.
Osmosis:
the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration.
Active transport:
the movement of all types of molecules across a cell membrane.
18. What are the major zones of the ocean?
Epipelagic Zone,Mesopelagic Zone, Bathypelagic Zone, Abyssopelagic Zone, Hadalpelagic Zone.
19. What is natural selection?
Well adapted living organisms contribute to reproductive success.
20. Who was Carolus Linnaeus?
He was the first to study classification.
21. What is taxonomy?
The study of biological classification?
22. What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
Phungi, animalia, archaea, eubacteria, protista, plantae.